TheTrump administration dramatically increased deportationsby arresting migrants on American streets, often without criminal records, according to a new report.
TheDeportation Data Project's report, released Jan. 27, shows the sweeping effects of U.S. Immigration and Enforcement tactics within U.S. borders. Deportations stemming from ICE arrests quadrupled, while street arrests alone increased 11 times.
"The crackdown is bigger than what it would seem," David Hausman, a University of California, Berkeley, assistant professor of law and co-director of the Deportation Data Project, a repository of federal immigration enforcement data, told USA TODAY. He pointed to large increases in arrests within the United States, which often get conflated with arrests at the border that have dwindled dramatically under Trump.
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Rather than prior targeted tactics arresting specific people or those convicted of crimes, ICE appeared to arrest any undocumented person they could in American communities, according to the report's authors.
"When we traced the sources of the ramp-up, we realized that it all started with ICE targeting its arrests less," Graeme Blair, a University of California, Los Angeles, political science professor and co-director of theDeportation Data Project, said in a statement.
"Now ICE is doing something new," he said. "It seems to be arresting anyone it can."
USA TODAY has reached out to ICE and the Department of Homeland Security for comment.
The Trump administration has repeatedly touted its deportation figures. Officials have repeatedly encouraged people to "self-deport" rather than go through the detention system. Stephen Miller, White House deputy chief of staff, previously said thatICE had a minimum goal of 3,000 arrestsper day.
The new report, based on the latest available data from when Trump took office through Oct. 15, appears to show sweeping effects of immigration enforcement tactics that some critics have called indiscriminate. The Trump administration has surged federal agents into several American cities as part of its promise to deport millions of migrants.
The report showed overall arrests in streets were up 11 times compared to the monthly average in the six months before Trump's second inauguration, while transfers to ICE custody from prisons and jails roughly doubled. People arrested without any criminal convictions were up seven times.
"It's fair to suggest a new kind of randomness in ICE arrests," Hausman said.
Federal officials tripled the number of detention beds used for arrests of migrants within the country, the report said. The increased capacity was a product of new funding approved by Congress that was injected into immigration enforcement, while arrests at the border have dropped substantially.
Few ofthose arrested were released, building on already low figures before Trump's second administration. During the last few months ofJoe Biden's presidency, releases from deportation within two months were around 16% in 2024. But in Trump's first nine months in 2025, that went down to 3%.
Data indicate that more people are giving up and accepting deportation, according to the researchers. The lower release rate may contribute to voluntary departures increasing by 21 times.
The Deportation Data Project obtained ICE datasets through a Freedom of Immigration Act lawsuit. Hausman said researchers are working to get updated data.
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY:Deportations from ICE street arrests jump, study says. Here's why.
